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The beginning of Indo-Aryan migration to Assam is estimated to the fifth century BCE〔"From about the fifth century before Christ, there started a trickle of migration of the people speaking Indo-Aryan language from the Gangetic plain." 〕 when a trickle of Indo-Aryans entered a region that was already populated by Austro-Asiatic speakers〔"The first group of migrants to settle in this part of the country is perhaps the Austro-Asiatic language speaking people who came here from South-East Asia a few millennia before Christ." 〕 and Tibeto-Burman speakers.〔"The second group of migrants came to Assam from the north, north-east and east. They are mostly the Tibeto-Burman language speaking people" 〕 It is estimated that the Aryan culture became predominant by 3rd century〔Mani L. Bose, ''Social History of Assam: Being a Study of the Origins of Ethnic Identity'' , 1989, p. 40 when the Aryans entered Assam from the west is uncertain. It seems probably that the Aryan penetration into Assam began from the time of the Brahmanas and the Epics and by the 3rd century A.D. Aryan culture became the predominant.〕 and reached eastern Assam by the 5th century, as evidenced by the Nagajari-Khanikargaon rock inscription in the Golaghat region.〔 While Umachal inscription stands as an index to the spread of the Aryan culture upto the Gauhati area and the Barganga inscription speaks of the spread of the Aryan culture upto the Dabaka area, the present inscription stands as an unquestionable testimony to the spread of the Aryan culture upto the sarupathar area of upper Assam as early as in the early part of the 5th century A.D.〕 Aryan presence and influence became significant by the 7th century,. The copper plate inscriptions of Kamarupa gives weight to Aryan culture of ancient Assam.〔N.R. Sharma, ''The Kāmarūpa School of Dharmaśāstra'', 1994, Page 3 Moreover, the discovery of the copper plate-inscriptions issued by different kings of ancient Assam (Kamarupa) at different times brings to light the Aryan colour of the cultural heritage of Assam.〕 The Aryan wave extended to Kamarupa directly from Mithila and Magadha long before Lower Bengal became either habitable or fit for Aryan occupation. Kamarupa was therefore Aryanized long before central and lower Bengal.〔Kanak Lal Barua (1933),''Early History of Kamarupa'',p.I〕 The Magadha empire was founded by Bimbisara in the 4th century BCE. About this time, or after, the whole of northern Bengal, to the south of tho Jalpaiguri district and west of the Trisrota, was absorbed in the Maurya empire together with the Tamralipti region in the south west. The Mauryan empire of Ashoka undoubtedly included northern Bengal between the Teesta (Karatoya) and the Kosi, for within this area stupas erected by Ashoka were found by Yuan Chwang in the 7th century CE. This area continued to be included in the Magadha empire at least till the 6th century CE. During the rule of the Imperial Gupta's this stretch was known as Pundravardhana. To the east and north of Pundravardhana, Kamarupa continued as an independent kingdom ruled over by an indigenous line of kings who traced descent from mythological rulers Naraka, Bhagadatta and Vajradatta who were heroes mentioned in the epics.〔 From epigraphic records, so far brought to light, it is possible to trace an almost unbroken genealogy of these kings from about the middle of the 4th century CE down to the 12th century or a period of nearly nine hundred years. Very few of the old Hindu kingdoms in India can present such unique genealogical records covering such a long period. No less than twelve copperplate inscriptions, inscribed seals and rock-inscriptions recorded by various kings of Kamarupa during this period have been discovered and deciphered. Epigraphic records left by the famous Gupta emperor Samudra Gupta, Yasodharman, king of Malwa, who was a famous conqueror, Adityasena, who belonged to the line of "Later Gupta's of Magadha", Jayadeva, a well-known king of Nepal and some of the Pala kings and Sena kinks of Bengal provide useful material for the history of Kamarupa during this period.〔 The Raghuvaugsa of Kalidasa, the very valuable accounts of the Chinese writers, the Harsha-Charita of Banabhatta, the Raja-tarangini of Kahlan and the translations from Tibetan records, made available, also throw valuable light. The local epigraphic records constitute, however the most important foundation on which a reliable frame-work of history can be based.〔 ==Migration== The Indo-Aryan speaking people〔 came into an region that was already inhabited by Austroasiatic〔 and Tibeto-Burman-speaking〔 peoples, who in turn immigrated from China.〔Vivek Chadha, United Service Institution of India, ''Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis'', 2005, Page 257, The Bodo-Kacharis, widely accepted as Assam's original inhabitants, are a Mongoloid race that migrated from China.〕 It is held that a majority of the Indo-Aryans spoke Old Kamarupi dialect or Old Assamese〔Sukumar Sen, ''Grammatical sketches of Indian languages with comparative vocabulary and texts, Volume 1'', 1975, P 31, Coming from the regions of Videha-Magadha, through North Bengal, Assamese, or more appropriately the old Kamarupi dialect entered into Kamrup or western Assam, where this speech was first characterized as Assamese.〕 also known as Kamarupi Prakrit, the precursor of Assamese language and the Kamatapuri lects; and that the learned few knew Sanskrit.〔"... (it shows) that in Ancient Assam there were three languages viz. (1) Sanskrit as the official language and the language of the learned few, (2) Non-Aryan tribal languages of the Austric and Tibeto-Burman families, and (3) a local variety of Prakrit (ie a MIA) wherefrom, in course of time, the modern Assamese language as a MIL, emerged." 〕 The Indo-Aryan language was accepted as a second language by some of the aboriginal peoples and it became a link language; and over time, it became the first language for many. In return, the Indo-Aryan languages in the region acquired linguistic features of the native speakers.〔"Large scale diffusion of linguistic innovations has been taking place between Asamiya, the Sino-Tibetan languages and Khasi in this area for a very long time 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indo-Aryan migration to Assam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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